In most cases, delegating memory management to a highly refined process like the JVM yields better performance and fewer errors than doing it yourself. In theory, programmers can wring more performance out of our programs by stipulating how much is used and when to discard it. When programmers say a programming language or platform is "close to the metal," we mean the developer is able to programmatically (by writing code) manage an operating system's memory. With consistent development and optimization, garbage collection has vastly improved. Since then, a variety of algorithms and approaches have been proposed and used for garbage collection. The garbage collection process was especially controversial. In the early days, Java came under a lot of criticism for not being as "close to the metal" as C++, and therefore not as fast. Garbage collection happens inside a running JVM. The JVM manages memory through a process called garbage collection, which continuously identifies and eliminates unused memory in Java programs. In Java, program memory is managed by the JVM. Garbage collectionīefore Java, all program memory was managed by the programmer. The most common adjustment is tuning the JVM's memory settings. The most common interaction with a running JVM is to check the memory usage in the heap and stack. OpenJDK has continued through Oracle's stewardship of Java, with much of the heavy lifting these days done by Oracle engineers. The OpenJDK project is the offspring of the Sun Microsystems decision to open-source Java. The JVM is widely deployed, heavily used, and maintained by some very bright programmers, both corporate and open source. Contrast this to the JVM specification, which describes the requirements for building a program that performs these tasks. When developers talk about the JVM, we usually mean the process running on a machine, especially a server, that represents and controls resource usage for a Java app. We configure the JVM's settings and then rely on it to manage program resources during execution.
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